[This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? This increased tension between England and Spain. Boston Spa, Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. She was a Protestant. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. (*fragmentary*).
PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. - navy to firth of Forth.
Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. The invasion failed, however. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie.
PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation.
Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. LS23 6AD Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603.
Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. Boston Spa, This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Manage Settings ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it.
How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found.
Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border.
Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. LS23 6AD The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. . Student /
The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Company Reg no: 04489574. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
West Yorkshire, This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. It had to deal with Irish . However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603.
Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . migration? The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain.
Edward VI - Wikipedia Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Henry himself gave people cause . Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. to answer the Section Focus Question: Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties.
The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada.
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