; Bashirov, M.M. J. Acad. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST X-ray diffraction shows that all six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are of the same length, at 140 picometres (pm). Vyssh. [66], Toluene is now often used as a substitute for benzene, for instance as a fuel additive. [81], Exposure to benzene may lead progressively to aplastic anemia, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma. FOIA. Kolosovskii, N.A. K) ..g (K) | 1 mol All you need to do is convert the grams to moles. Several enzymes are involved. There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum contaminant level for benzene in drinking water at 0.0005mg/L (5 ppb), as promulgated via the U.S. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Thermal and volumetric properties of chloroform + benzene mixtures and the ideal associated solution model of complex formation, In similar fashion to this catalytic reforming, UOP and BP commercialized a method from LPG (mainly propane and butane) to aromatics. Bull. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit of 1 part of benzene per million parts of air (1 ppm) in the workplace during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. The aromatic compounds. / Cincia & Tecnologia dos Materiais 26 (2014) 142-149 143 test specimen but depends on the methods of preparation of the specimen, presence of surface Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Substance Specific heat capacity (J/g C) lead 0.128 silver 0.235 copper 0.385 iron 0.449 aluminum 0.903 water 4.184 An unknown substance has a mass of 14.5 g.14.5 g. The temperature of the substance increases by 15.3 C15.3 C when 85.4 J85.4 J of heat is added to the substance. In his 1890 paper, Armstrong represented benzene nuclei within polycyclic benzenoids by placing inside the benzene nuclei a letter "C", an abbreviation of the word "centric". [all data], Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 Chem. Benzene Formula:C6H6 Molecular weight:78.1118 IUPAC Standard InChI:InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6HCopy IUPAC Standard InChIKey:UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-NCopy CAS Registry Number:71-43-2 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol fileor as a computed3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Javaor Javascript. ; Johnson, W.H. [all data], Ferguson and Miller, 1933 Sci. Zhdanov, A.K., Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure May cause drowsiness and dizziness. ; Wallace, J.H., Jr., It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. . 1 lists the specific heats for various materials. Have definite shape (resist deformation) 2. In catalytic reforming, a mixture of hydrocarbons with boiling points between 60 and 200C is blended with hydrogen gas and then exposed to a bifunctional platinum chloride or rhenium chloride catalyst at 500525C and pressures ranging from 850 atm. Gorbunova, N.I. ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein The specific heat transfer area is 109.46 m 2 per (kg/s) of fresh water and the heat transfer area of the distillate preheater is 200 m 2. Kalali, H.; Kohler, F.; Svejda, P., Nitrobenzene is the precursor to aniline. Have definite volume (are very slightly compressible) 3. [16] An acidic material was derived from benzoin by sublimation, and named "flowers of benzoin", or benzoic acid. The molecular conformation is stabilized by NHO and NHN intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Tanaka, R., ; Tupman, W.I. The new understanding of benzene, and hence of all aromatic compounds, proved to be so important for both pure and applied chemistry that in 1890 the German Chemical Society organized an elaborate appreciation in Kekul's honor, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of his first benzene paper. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons. The temperatures of the distillate and rejected brine flowing from the preheaters are 45 C . ; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Kooner, Z.S. Specific heat of benzenoid hydrocarbons, What is the formula for specific heat? Benzene, also commonly known as benzol, is a colorless liquid with a sweet pungent odor. Ann. ; Picker, P., He said that he had discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after having a reverie or day-dream of a snake biting its own tail (this is a common symbol in many ancient cultures known as the Ouroboros or endless knot). Derivatives of benzene occur sufficiently often as a component of organic molecules, so much so that the Unicode Consortium has allocated a symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical block with the code U+232C () to represent it with three double bonds,[62] and U+23E3 () for a delocalized version.[63]. Heat capacity of liquid benzene and hexafluorobenzene at atmospheric pressure, Copper standard solution,CAS Number:7440-50-8,Specification:50mL Specific heat of liquids. Smaller amounts of benzene are used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, and pesticides. Benzene (CAS 71-43-2) 1 Carcinogenic to humans. As benzene can cause cancer, NIOSH recommends that all workers wear special breathing equipment when they are likely to be exposed to benzene at levels exceeding the REL (10-hour) of 0.1 ppm. M1: benzene (120 . . Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.[15]. ; Simonov, V.M. Benzoic acid and its salts undergo decarboxylation to benzene. Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S. Benzene, C6H6, is a clear colorless to light-yellow liquid, flammable with a petroleum-like, aromatic odor. Staveley, L.A.K. Benzene is hepatically metabolized and excreted in the urine. Here Kekul spoke of the creation of the theory. Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. As a consequence, gasoline often contained several percent benzene before the 1950s, when tetraethyl lead replaced it as the most widely used antiknock additive. Ber. It found that four contained benzene levels above World Health Organization limits. Anal. [all data], Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971 Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. Alkyne trimerisation of acetylene gives benzene. Short Commun. Chim., 1968, 16, 549-552. The formula is Cv = Q / (T m). [86] These legal limits were based on studies demonstrating compelling evidence of health risk to workers exposed to benzene. CAS RN. In a human study 16.4 to 41.6% of retained benzene was eliminated through the lungs within five to seven hours after a two- to three-hour exposure to 47 to 110 ppm and only 0.07 to 0.2% of the remaining benzene was excreted unchanged in the urine. Coll. Title: Microsoft Word - 9701_s19_ms_41 Author: whitej Created Date: 8/6/2019 11:46:17 AM . Excess molar isobaric heat capacities and isentropic compressibilities of (cis- or trans-decalin + benzene or toluene or iso-octane or n-heptane) at 298.15 K, Benzene is an excellent ligand in the organometallic chemistry of low-valent metals. [all data], Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955 Eng. J. Chem. [all data], Williams and Daniels, 1925 We don't collect information from our users. [97] Benzene causes chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow explaining the higher incidence of leukemia and multiple myeloma caused by chronic exposure. Univ. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! VII. 2o -889 .1791 162 basic lead carbonate 3pb 2c 8o 2h 0 163 benzene 6h 6c 143 .0317 164 benzotrifuroxane (btf) 6c 6o 6n 571 .0686 165 beryllium (non-reactive) 1u2 .0668 166 beryllium (pure crystaline) 1be .0668 167 beryllium borohydride 2b 1be 8h -666 .0218 168 beryllium hydride 1be 2h -399 0 169 . Chem. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Tschamler, H., [all data], Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981 The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Given that demand for para-xylene (p-xylene) substantially exceeds demand for other xylene isomers, a refinement of the TDP process called Selective TDP (STDP) may be used. Zaved. NQ01 metabolizes benzoquinone toward polyphenols (counteracting the effect of MPO). specific heat liquid = 1.740 J/g C A 27.00 g sample of liquid benzene is initially at 41.30 C. Mitt. Myeloperoxidase mutations result in loss of function and may result in decreased generation of toxic metabolites. Today, most benzene comes from the petrochemical industry, with only a small fraction being produced from coal. Sometimes, higher temperatures are used instead of a catalyst (at the similar reaction condition). Ethylbenzene Formula: C 8 H 10 Molecular weight: 106.1650 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 100-41-4 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file [17] Kekul's 1890 speech[41] in which this anecdote appeared has been translated into English. Chem. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. A typical reaction yield exceeds 95%. In industrybenzeneis used as a solvent, as a chemical intermediate, and is used in the synthesis of numerous chemicals. Das Benzol." Hence the specific heat of benzene = 1716.475 J/kg.C. Although of no commercial significance, many other routes to benzene exist. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene. STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure, Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation, at 42F/5.85C, Specific heat capacity, Cp (solid) at 32F/0C, log KOW (Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient), Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water), Standard molar entropy, S (solid), at 1 bara. Phys. Glutathione seems to play an important role by protecting against benzene-induced DNA breaks and it is being identified as a new biomarker for exposure and effect. Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of benzene, C 6 H 6, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 325 C (42 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units.
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